Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Effects of a Chemically Defined Fraction of Syrah Red Wine on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

A particularly phenolic-rich fraction extracted from red wine from the São Francisco valley (Northeastern Brazil) was chemically characterized and its hypotensive and antioxidant effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied both in vitro and in vivo. The liquid-liquid pH dependent fractionation scheme afforded a fraction with high content of bioactive phenolics such as flavonols, flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids and anthocyanins, whose identities were confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. Pretreatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with this wine fraction at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg by gavage. for 15 days was able to decrease mean arterial pressure and heart rate as well as decrease serum lipid peroxidation. The fraction at concentrations of 0.01-1000 µg/mL induced concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated rat superior mesenteric artery rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine and this effect was not attenuated by endothelium removal. Our results demonstrate it is possible for phenolic constituents of red wine that are orally bioavailable to exert in vivo hypotensive and antioxidant effects on intact endothelial function.

Inhibition of PDE5 Restores Depressed Baroreflex Sensitivity in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats.

Renal artery stenosis is frequently associated with resistant hypertension, which is defined as failure to normalize blood pressure (BP) even when combined drugs are used. Inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil has been shown to increase endothelial function and decrease blood pressure in experimental models. However, no available study evaluated the baroreflex sensitivity nor autonomic balance in renovascular hypertensive rats treated with sildenafil. In a translational medicine perspective, our hypothesis is that sildenafil could improve autonomic imbalance and baroreflex sensitivity, contributing to lower blood pressure. Renovascular hypertensive 2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C) and sham rats were treated with sildenafil (45 mg/Kg/day) during 7 days. At the end of treatment, BP and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious rats after a 24-h-recovery period. Spontaneous and drug-induced baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic tone were evaluated; in addition, lipid peroxidation was measured in plasma samples. Treatment was efficient in increasing both spontaneous and induced baroreflex sensitivity in treated hypertensive animals. Inhibition of PDE5 was also capable of ameliorating autonomic imbalance in 2K1C rats and decreasing systemic oxidative stress. Taken together, these beneficial effects resulted in significant reductions in BP without affecting HR. We suggest that sildenafil could be considered as a promising alternative to treat resistant hypertension.

Repercussões psicoemocionais da violência doméstica: perfil de mulheres na atenção básica / Psycho-emotional repercussions of domestic violence: the profile of women on basic healthcare

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa investigar o perfil sociodemográfico e as repercussões psicoemocionais da violência no âmbito doméstico de mulheres atendidas em um serviço de saúde. Pesquisa de caráter exploratório-descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida na Unidade de Saúde da Família Cidade Verde Integrada, João Pessoa-PB. Foram entrevistadas 400 mulheres em janeiro e fevereiro de 2010, através de entrevista semiestruturada. Dessas, 211 mulheres (52,75%) foram identificadas com história de violência doméstica que compuseram a amostra do estudo. Como perfil das vítimas de violência, tivemos prevalência da faixa etária adulta (78,67%), casadas (45,04%), com renda de até dois salários (72,03%), ensino médio completo (33,17%), cor morena/parda (46,44%), religião católica (50,13%) e 56,87% não trabalhavam. As principais repercussões psicoemocionais foram tristeza, raiva e depressão. Os serviços de saúde devem servir como locais de alerta na detecção de eventos violentos, promovendo ações que facilitem a identificação do problema e seu enfrentamento.

Extensão comunitária contribuindo para a inserção na atenção básica e formação de profissionais da saúde / Community extension contributing to insertion in primary care and formation of health professionals

Apresentamos, neste estudo, a contribuição da inserção de um grupo de graduandos em saúde na atenção básica para a formação de profissionais humanizados. Assim, foram comparadas as visões dos extensionistas do Projeto de Extensão ?Buscando a Formação Humanizada do Profissional de Saúde? (SIEX Brasil Nº. 033770) e de graduandos que não participaram do projeto, como grupo controle. A metodologia incluiu a construção de texto sobre a visão do SUS em dois momentos: abril/2007 e fevereiro/2008, ou seja, antes e depois da participação no Projeto. Análise qualitativa foi executada e importante mudança na visão do processo saúde-doença, do papel da universidade pública e do serviço de saúde na formação do profissional de saúde foi identificada entre os estudantes vinculados ao projeto.

We present the contribution of the insertion of a group of health science undergraduates in primary care for the formation of humanized professionals. Thus, the views of participants from the extension project, Seeking Humanized Formation of Health Professionals (SIEX Brazil Nº. 033770), and of non-participant undergraduates, as control group, were compared. The method comprised text construction on the SUS outlook in two moments: April 2007 and February 2008, that is, before and after participation in the project. After a qualitative analysis, we identified an important change of view of the project participants on the health-disease process, and the roles of the public university and the health services in the formation of the health professional.